Aikido dictionary |
This dictionary includes japanese words used in Aikido and in association to Aikido.
Aikido Seishin Kai
Greetings |
| Ohayo gozaimasu | Good morning |
| Kon’ nichi wa | Good afternoon |
| Konban wa | Good evening |
| Oyasumi nasai | Good night |
| Sayonara | Good bye |
Politeness |
| Arigato | Thank you (present, less polite) | |
| Arigato gozaimasu | Thank you (present) | |
| Arigato gozaimashita | Thank you (past) | |
| Domo | Thank you (present, less polite) | |
| Domo arigato gozaimasu | Thank you very much (present) | |
| Domo arigato gozaimashita | Thank you very much (past) | |
| Sumimasen | Excuse me/I am sorry (present/future) | |
| Shitsurei shimasu | Excuse me (present or future) | |
| Shitsurei shimashita | I am sorry / Excuse me (past) | |
| Gomen nasai | I am very sorry | |
| … kodasai | Please | |
| Dozo | Go ahead. | |
| Do itashimashite | Do not mention it / you are welcome | |
| Onegai shimasu | Please | |
| Yoroshiku onegai shimasu | Please (polite) | |
| Dozo yoroshiku onegai shimasu | Please (very polite) |
Questions and Answers |
| Hai | Yes | |
| Iie | No | |
| Nan desu ka ? | What ? | |
| O-genki desu ka ? | How are you ? | |
| Hai, genki desu. | Yes, just fine. | |
| Iie, genki de wa arimasen. | No, not so good. | |
| Ii desu ka ? | Is it OK ? | |
| Hai, ii desu. | Yes, it is OK. | |
| Iie, ii de wa arimasen. | No, it is not OK. | |
| Wakarimasu ka ? | (Do you) understand ? | |
| Hai, wakarimasu | Yes, (I) understand. | |
| Iie, wakarimasen | No, (I) do not understand. | |
| Wakarimashita ka? | (Did you) understand ? | |
| Hai, wakarimashita | Yes, (I) understood. | |
| Iie, wakarimasen deshita | No, (I) did not understand. | |
| Suwarimasu kodasai | Please sit down | |
| Suwarinasai | Sit down | |
| Tachinasai | Stand up |
Verb |
| Kaeshimasu | To counter / reverse |
| Kirimasu | To cut |
| Kerimasu | To kick |
| Mawarimasu | To turn/spin |
| Nagemasu | To throw |
| Suwarimasu | To sit |
| Tachimasu | To stand |
| Tsukimasu | To thrust |
| Uchimasu | To strike |
Adjectives |
| Ii / yoi | Good |
| Tadashii | Correct |
| Okii | Big |
| Chiisai | Small |
| Abunai | Dangerous |
| Subarashii | Outstanding |
| Genki | Healthy / energetic |
| Dame | Wrong / bad |
| Warui | Bad |
| Totemo | Very … |
Position and Direction |
| Mae | Front |
| Ushiro | Behind |
| Migi | Right |
| Hidari | Left |
| Yoko | Side |
| Uchi | Inside |
| Soto | Outside |
| Ue | Above |
| Shita | Below |
| Omote | Front, positive |
| Ura | Reverse, negative, outside |
| Gyaku | Reverse |
| Gaeshi | To reverse |
| Ryo | Both |
| Renzoku | Combination / continuos |
| Nagare | Flow |
| Irmi | To enter, entering |
| Kaiten | Rotation / spin |
| Musubi | Uniting, bonding |
Numbers |
| 0. zero / rei | 0. Zero | |
| Nibun | Half | |
| Yombun | Quater | |
| Happun | One eight | |
| 1/2 nibun no ichi | 1/2 one half | |
| 1/4 yombun no ichi | 1/4 one quater | |
| 1/8 happun no ichi | 1/8 one eight | |
| 1. Ichi | 1. One | |
| 2. Ni | 2. Two | |
| 3. San | 3. Three | |
| 4. Shi / Yon | 4. Four | |
| 5. Go | 5. Five | |
| 6. Roku | 6. Six | |
| 7. Shichi / Nana | 7. Seven | |
| 8. Hachi | 8. Eight | |
| 9. Kyu / Ku | 9. Nine | |
| 10. Ju | 10. Ten | |
| 11. Ju-ichi | 11. Eleven | |
| 12. Ju-ni | 12. Twelve | |
| 13. Ju-san | 13. Thirteen | |
| 14. Ju-shi / Ju-yon | 14. Fourteen | |
| 15. Ju-go | 15. Fifthteen | |
| 16. Ju-roku | 16. Sixteen | |
| 17. Ju-shichi / Ju-nana | 17. Seventeen | |
| 18. Ju-hachi | 18. Eighteen | |
| 19. Ju-kyu /Ju-ku | 19. Ninteen | |
| 20. Ni-ju | 20. Twenty | |
| 21. Ni-ju-ichi | 21. Twentyone | |
| 22. Ni-ju-ni | 22. Twentytwo | |
| 23. Ni-ju-san | 23. Twentythree | |
| 24. Ni-ju-shi / Ni-ju-yon | 24. Twentyfour | |
| 25. Ni-ju-go | 25. Twentyfive | |
| 26. Ni-ju-roku | 26. Twentysix | |
| 27. Ni-ju-shichi / Ni-ju-nana | 27. Twentyseven | |
| 28. Ni-ju-hachi | 28. Twentyeight | |
| 29. Ni-ju-kyu / Ni-ju-ku | 29. Twentynine | |
| 30. San-ju | 30. Thirty | |
| 31. San-ju-ichi | 31. Thirtyone | |
| 10. Ju | 10. Ten | |
| 20. Ni-ju | 20. Twenty | |
| 30. San-ju | 30. Thirty | |
| 40. Yon-ju | 40. Fourty | |
| 50. Go-ju | 50. Fifthty | |
| 60. Roku-ju | 60. Sixty | |
| 70. Nana-ju | 70. Seventy | |
| 80. Hachi-ju | 80. Eighty | |
| 90. Kyu-ju | 90. Ninety | |
| 100. Hyuaku | 100. One hundred |
Ranks and Titles |
| -san | Mr/Mrs | |
| -sensei, Sensei | Teacher / Instructor | |
| Shihan | Master instructor | |
| O´Sensei | The founder, the great master – Morihei Ueshiba | |
| Deshi | Student | |
| Uchideshi | Student living at the dojo | |
| Sotedeshi | Student living in town | |
| Shoshinsha | Beginner | |
| Kohai | Younger student | |
| -senpai, Senpai / -sempai, Sempai | Senior student | |
| Yudansha | Person holding black belt rank. | |
| Aite | Partner | |
| Tori | Partner performing the technique | |
| Nage | Partner performing a throw | |
| Uke | Partner recieving the technique | |
| Uchi-tachi | Partner attacking with sword | |
| Uke-tachi | Partner defending with sword | |
| Kyu | Kyu rank | |
| Nan kyu ? | What Kyu ? | |
| Rokkyu | 6th Kyu | |
| Go kyu | 5th Kyu | |
| Yon kyu | 4th Kyu | |
| San kyu | 3rd Kyu | |
| Ni kyu | 2nd Kyu | |
| Ikkyu | 1st Kyu | |
| Dan | Dan rank | |
| Nan dan ? | What Dan ? | |
| Shodan | 1st Dan | |
| Ni dan | 2nd Dan | |
| San dan | 3rd Dan | |
| Yon dan | 4th Dan | |
| Go dan | 5th Dan | |
| Roku dan | 6th Dan | |
| Shichi dan | 7th Dan | |
| Nana dan | 7th Dan | |
| Hachi dan | 8th Dan | |
| Kyu dan | 9th Dan | |
| Ju dan | 10th Dan |
Body parts |
| Karada | Body |
| Hone | Bone |
| Atama | Head |
| Men | Face, head |
| Kami no ke / Kami | Hair |
| Hitai | Forehead |
| Me | Eyes |
| Mayu / Mayuge | Eyebrow |
| Matsuge | Eyelash |
| Mimi | Ears |
| Hana | Nose |
| Kuchi | Mouth |
| Kuchibiru | Lip |
| Hoho | Cheek |
| Ago | Chin/jaw |
| Ha | Tooth |
| Nodo | Throat |
| Kubi | Neck |
| Ude | Arms |
| Kata | Shoulder |
| Waki no shita | Armpit |
| Hiji | Elbow |
| Tekubi, kote | Wrist |
| Te | Hand |
| Teganatana | “Sword edge” of the hand, from the little finger to the wrist |
| Yubi | Finger |
| Tsume | Nails |
| Oyayubi | Thumb |
| Hitosashiyubi | Forefinger |
| Nakayubi | Middle finger |
| Kusuri yubi | Third finger |
| Koyubi | Little finger |
| Mune | Chest |
| Onaka | Stomach |
| Naizo | Internal organs |
| Konjo | Guts |
| Tanden | Center, Energy center in lower abdomen |
| Hara | Belly |
| Senaka | Back |
| Koshi | Hips |
| Kinteki | Groin |
| Shiri | Buttock |
| Ashi | Legs |
| Momo | Thigh |
| Hiza | Knee |
| Ashi | Foot |
| Ashikubi | Ankles |
| Ashiyubi | Toes |
| Sumasaki | Tips of the toes |
| Kakato | Heel |
Budo and Equipment |
| Do | Path, way | |
| Budo | Way of the warrior | |
| Bujin | Warrior | |
| Budo-ka | Student of Budo | |
| Ai | Harmony, joining | |
| Ki | Energy, intention, force, life force/energi, spirit | |
| Aikido | Way of harmony with the spirit of the universe | |
| Aikido-ka | Aikido student | |
| Dojo | “The place of the way” or “Place of enlightment”. Often translated as training facility. | |
| Shomen | The front of the dojo | |
| Shinza / Kamiza | Dojo altar | |
| Rei | Bow | |
| Reigi | Ettiquette | |
| Dogu | Training equipment | |
| Dogi / gi | Uniform | |
| Obi | Belt | |
| Hakkama | Traditional pant-like skirt | |
| Zori | Sandals |
Practice |
| Keiko | Practice / training |
| Kakeri-geiko | Attacking practice |
| Enbukai | Demonstration |
| Gasshuku | Training camp |
| Kata | Preset form |
| -jutsu, -waza | Technique |
| -dori, -tori | Technique |
| -nage | Throwing technique |
Body practice |
| Taijutsu | Body technique |
| Suwariwaza | Seated technique |
| Tachiwaza | Standing technique |
| Ukemiwaza | Technique for breaking a fall |
| Hamni handachi waza | Standing against seated technique |
| Kaeshiwaza | Countering technique |
| Jiyu-waza | Free style practice |
| Randori | Free style practice, Multiple person attack. |
Weapons practice |
| Bukiwaza | Weapon technique | |
| Ken | Sword | |
| Bokken | Wooden sword | |
| Aiki-ken | The sword of Aikido | |
| Jo | Staff | |
| Aiki-jo | The jo of Aikido | |
| Shiho-giri | To cut / strike / thrust in four directions | |
| Happo-giri | To cut / strike / thrust in eight directions | |
| Suburi | Single person basic weapons practice | |
| Jo-suburi | Basic practice with staff, twenty basic movements | |
| Bokken-suburi | Basic practice with sword, seven different basic movements | |
| Kumi-tachi | Advanced sword practices with partner | |
| Kumi-jo | Advanced staff practices with partner | |
| Ken-tai-jo | Advanced combined sword and staff practices with partner | |
| Jo-dori | Unarmed defense against staff attack. Unarming the oppent and taking the staff. | |
| Jo-nage | Throwing techniques using staff | |
| Tachi-dori | Unarmed defense against sword attack. Unarming the oppent and taking the sword. | |
| Tanto | Knife (wooden knife in practice) | |
| Tanto-dori | Unarmed defense against knife attack. Unarming the oppent and taking the knife. |
Positions and Termonology |
| Suwari | Seated | |
| Seiza | Sitting on both knees | |
| Anza | Sitting with legs crossed | |
| Hanza | Sitting on one knee | |
| Tachi | Stance | |
| Kamae | Posture, attitude | |
| Ken-no-kamae | The posture of the sword | |
| Tsuki-no-kamae | The posture for thrust, used in Aiki-jo | |
| Hasso-no-kamae | “The figure eight position”. The posture with the weapon high above your head next to the right shoulder, used in Aiki-jo | |
| Hanmi | Standing posture exposing only half the body | |
| Ma-ai | Distance and timing. The distance where one step/attack can be performed to reach the opponent. | |
| Zenshin | Preparatory mind, before technique | |
| Tsushin | Active mind, performing technique | |
| Zanshin | Post-action mind, after technique. Unbroken sprit | |
| Kokyu | Breathing | |
| Kokyu-ryoku | The power hardness through practice of kokyu | |
| Ki-ai | Sprit yell, harmonizing energi | |
| Taisabaki | Body movement | |
| Shikko | Kneeling movment | |
| Ukemi | “Recieving with/through the bode”. To break a fall | |
| Mae ukemi | Roll-fall / Break-fall forward | |
| Ushiro ukemi | Roll-fall / Break-fall backwards | |
| Suki | Gap or opening for an attack / technique | |
| Atemi | Attack to vital points | |
| Uchi | A strike | |
| Tsuki | A thrust | |
| Keri | A Kick |
Aikido techniques |
The name of an Aikido technique are divided into the following parts:
STANCE – ATTACK – TECHNIQUE – (DIRECTION) – (HEIGHT) – FORM – (VARIATION)
Example:
- Aihamni katadori ikkyo
- Aihamni katatedori ikkyo omotewaza kihon
- Gyakuhamni tskui sankyo urawaza ki-no-nagare
STANCE |
| Suwariwaza | Seated technique |
| Hamni-handachi-waza | Standing against seated technique |
| Ai-hanmi | Same posture |
| Gyaku-hanmi | Reverse posture |
ATTACK |
Grab |
| Kosadori, Katate-dori-hantai, Gyaku te-dori | Cross hand grab (opposite side) | |
| Katate-dori | Wrist grab (same side) | |
| Kata-dori | Shoulder grab | |
| Morote-dori | Both hands grabbing one wrist | |
| Ryo-kata-dori | Shoulder grab on both shoulders | |
| Ryote-dori | Wrist grab on both wrist | |
| Sode-dori | Sleeve grab (at elbow level) | |
| Sodeguchi-dori | Cuff grab | |
| Muna-dori | Grip at the chest | |
| Ushiro dori | Rear bear hug | |
| Ushiro ryote-dori | Grip on both wrists from behind | |
| Ushiro ryo-kata-dori | Grip on both shoulders from behind | |
| Ushiro eri-dori | Collar grap | |
| Ushiro kubi-shime / Ushiro muna-dori | Choking with one hand around the neck from behind |
Stike / Thrust |
| Men-uchi | Strike to the face / head using the teganatana (edge of the hand) | |
| Shomen-uchi | Strike to the top of the head using the teganatana (edge of the hand) | |
| Yokomen-uchi | Strike to the side of the head using the teganatana (edge of the hand) | |
| Men-tsuki | Strike / thrust to the face / head | |
| Mune-tsuki | Strike / thrust to the chest | |
| Katate-dori men-uchi | Wrist grip and strike to the face / head using the teganatana (edge of the hand) | |
| Kata-dori men-uchi | Shoulder grip and strike to the face / head using the teganatana (edge of the hand) | |
| Katate-dori men-tsuki | Wrist grip and strike / thrust to the chest | |
| Kata-dori men-tsuki | Shoulder grip and strike / thrust to the chest |
Kick |
| Mae geri | Front kick |
| Mawashi geri | Spinning kick |
| Yoku geri | Side kick |
Height or level |
| Jodan | Upper area of body (neck up) |
| Chudan | Midlle area of body (neck to beltline) |
| Gedan | Lower area of body (below belt) |
TECHNIQUE |
| Tai-no-henko | Basic blending practice, body turn |
| Kokyu-ho | Breath exercise |
| Ikkyo | First pinning technique |
| .. omote waza | Front technique |
| .. ura waza | Outside technique |
| Nikkyo | Second pinning technique |
| .. omote waza | Front technique |
| .. ura waza | Outside technique |
| Sankyo | Third pinning technique |
| .. omote waza | Front technique |
| .. ura waza | Outside technique |
| Yonkyo | Forth pinning technique |
| .. omote waza | Front technique |
| .. ura waza | Outside technique |
| Gokkyo | Fifth pinning technique |
| .. ura waza | Outside technique |
| Rokkyo | Sixth pinning technique |
| Kotegaeshi | Wrist throw |
| Shiho-nage | Throw in four directions |
| .. omote waza | Front technique |
| .. ura waza | Outside technique |
| Irmi-nage | Entering technique |
| Tenchi-nage | Heaven-and-earth throw |
| Kaiten-nage | Circular / rotation throw |
| … uchi kaiten | Inside circle |
| … uchi maware | Inside turn/spin |
| … soto kaiten | Outside circle |
| … soto maware | Outside turn/spin |
| Koshi-nage | Hip throw |
| Juji-garami, Juji-nage, Aya-dori | Crossed-arm throw |
| Kokyu-nage | Breath throw |
| Suwari kokyo-ho / Kokyo-dosa | Seated kokyu exercise |
FORM |
| Kihon | Basic form | |
| Awase | Timing, moving together in one movement | |
| Ki-no-nagare | Flowing form, “with ki flowing” | |
| Go-tai | Basic form | |
| Ju-tai | Soft form | |
| Ryu-tai | Flowing form | |
VARIATION |
| Henka, Henka-waza | Variation on technique |
| Oyo-waza | Applied technique |